Triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area for Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: We assessed the distribution of triatomines in an endemic area for Chagas disease. Methods: This retrospective study used secondary data extracted from the Official System of the National Chagas Disease Control Program (Sistema Oficial do Programa Nacional de Controle da Doença de Chagas - SisPCDCh). Results: A total of 7,257 (725.7 ± 221.7 per year) specimens were collected from 2013 to 2022. Most of them (6,792; 93.6%) were collected in the intradomicile and 465 (6.4%) in the peridomicile. A total of 513 (7.1%) triatomines tested positive for the presence of trypomastigote forms, similar to Trypanosoma cruzi. Conclusions: The spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of triatomines across different municipalities.

Resultados de una estrategia para la internacionalización en el desarrollo de la educación médica superior desde la experiencia Cuba - México

La internacionalización de las universidades cubanas favorece el cumplimiento de la misión de la educación superior, propicia que la universidad sea cada vez más innovadora y contribuye, de esa manera, al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible propuestos en la Agenda 2030. La internacionalización constituye una gran fuerza para el desarrollo de una universidad moderna fundamentada en esquemas de formación: ante todo humanista, de alto nivel, con gran sensibilidad social, lo que sólo se puede alcanzar con el desarrollo de Instituciones de Educación Superior de mayor trascendencia académica, en el contexto internacional. Con estos fundamentos se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de sistematizar los resultados de una estrategia para la internacionalización de la educación médica superior. Se enmarca en un convenio de colaboración entre instituciones de Cuba y México y la creación de una red académica, que impulsa actividades de investigación y docencia en pre y posgrado. Se trata de una investigación de naturaleza documental. La revisión de textos, en formato impreso y digital, se orientó al análisis de los resultados de la experiencia de Cuba- México, en los ámbitos: intercambio académico, movilidad docente, participación en proyectos científicos colaborativos y formación doctoral, que se materializan en los resultados obtenidos.

The internationalization of Cuban universities favors the fulfillment of the mission of higher education, encourages the university to be increasingly innovative and thus contributes to the achievement of the sustainable development goals proposed in the 2030 Agenda. Internationalization constitutes a great force for the development of a modern university based on training schemes: above all humanistic, high level, with great social sensitivity, which can only be achieved with the development of Higher Education Institutions of greater academic significance, in the international context. With these foundations, an investigation was carried out with the objective of systematizing the results of a strategy for internationalization of higher medical education. It is part of a collaboration agreement between institutions in Cuba and Mexico and the creation of an academic network, which promotes research and teaching activities in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This is an investigation of a documentary nature, in which the review of texts, in printed and digital format, was oriented to the analysis of the results of the Cuba-Mexico exchange experience, in the areas: academic exchange, teacher mobility , participation in collaborative scientific projects and doctoral training, which materialize in the results obtained. From the critical and contrasted reading, the systematization was carried out.

Space-time analysis of theft from persons in Pereira (2019-2021). An approach to the theory of environmental munificence for crime / Análisis espaciotemporales del hurto a personas en Pereira (2019-2021). Una aproximación a la teoría de los entornos generosos del crimen / Análise espaço-temporal do roubo de pessoas em Pereira (2019-2021). Uma abordagem da teoria de ambientes de crime generosos

The COVID-19 contingency gave rise to multiple social interactions for which neither governments nor citizens were prepared. The restrictive measures on mobility imposed by the National Government produced a series of changes not only in social dynamics and legal transactions, but also in the criminal context. The purpose of this study is to understand the space-time behavior of theft in the metropolitan area of Pereira, Colombia, and to compare this behavior observed under normal conditions and in times of pandemic. Data were obtained by consulting the Siedco application for the city studied in the 2019-2021 time window. The spatial analysis was performed using the technique known as pattern identification for space-time event networks (Ipree). The empirical evidence observed allows us to conclude that there is a space-time configuration that defines the dynamics of thefts in the city of Pereira and these patterns can be explained from the theory of environmental munificence for crime.

La contingencia provocada por el COVID-19 dio lugar a múltiples interacciones sociales, para las cuales no estaba preparado ni los gobiernos, ni la ciudadanía. Las medidas restrictivas a la movilidad impuestas por el Gobierno Nacional, produjeron una serie de cambios no solo en las dinámicas sociales y en las transacciones legales, sino también en el contexto criminal. El objetivo de este estudio es entender el comportamiento espacio-temporal del hurto en el área metropolitana de Pereira, Colombia, y comparar este comportamiento en tiempos normales y en tiempos de pandemia. Se obtuvieron los datos por medio de la consulta del aplicativo Siedco para la ciudad estudiada en la ventana temporal 2019-2021. El análisis espacial se realizó utilizando la técnica conocida como "identificación de patrones para redes de eventos espaciotemporales (Ipree)." La evidencia empírica observada permite concluir que existe una configuración espaciotemporal que define la dinámica de los hurtos en la ciudad de Pereira y estos patrones se pueden explicar desde la teoría de los entornos generosos del crimen.

A contingência provocada pela COVID-19 deu origem a múltiplas interações sociais para as quais nem os governos nem os cidadãos estavam preparados. As medidas restritivas de mobilidade impostas pelo governo nacional produziram uma série de mudanças não apenas na dinâmica social e nas transações legais, mas também no contexto criminal. O objetivo deste estudo é compreen-der o comportamento espaço-temporal do roubo na área metropolitana de Pereira, Colômbia, e comparar este comportamento em tempos normais e em tempos de pandemia. Os dados foram obtidos consultando a aplicação Siedco para a cidade estudada na janela de tempo 2019-2021. A análise espacial foi realizada utilizando a técnica conhecida como "identificação de padrões para redes de eventos espaço-temporais (Ipree)." As evidências empíricas observadas nos permitem concluir que existe uma configuração espaço-temporal que define a dinâmica do roubo na cidade de Pereira e estes padrões podem ser explicados a partir da teoria dos ambientes de crime generoso.

Propuesta de un plan de alta de enfermería para el paciente adulto posoperado de cirugía mayor / Proposal for a nursing discharge plan for the postoperative adult patient with major surgery

Introducción: el cuidado de los pacientes posoperados requiere de un tratamiento humanizado e integral, que puede ser posible si se les proporciona asistencia de enfermería con calidad y calidez. Cumplir con este requerimiento permitiría identificar las respuestas humanas y fisiopatológicas, así como potenciales complicaciones. Para garantizar el cuidado en el hogar es necesaria la elaboración de un plan de egreso de enfermería. Objetivo: validar un plan de alta de enfermería para pacientes adultos posoperados de cirugía mayor en México. Metodología: se realizó un estudio mixto enfocado en la obtención de la validez teórica de un plan de alta para pacientes adultos posoperados de cirugía mayor a través de la técnica Delphi, o juicio de expertos, en dos fases. La primera parte del estudio se enfocó en la búsqueda de fuentes sobre el tema en distintas bases de datos y en la elaboración de un listado de respuestas humanas y fisiopatológicas, así como de los cuidados necesarios para el paciente posoperado. La segunda fase se basó en determinar la consistencia interna y una aproximación a la validez del constructo. Resultados: el planteamiento de este plan de alta de enfermería es específico para el paciente adulto posoperado de cirugía mayor; de modo que considera los cuidados más importantes. La propuesta ha obtenido un promedio de aprobación por expertos superior a 4.5 en una escala de 1 a 5 y un alfa de Cronbach de 0.850. Conclusión: el plan de alta propuesto se considera válido y confiable para ser aplicado en pacientes adultos posoperados de cirugía mayor.

Introduction: The care of postoperative patients requires a humanized and comprehensive treatment and nursing care must be provided with quality and warmth, with the purpose of identifying human and pathophysiological responses as well as potential complications. To guarantee this transition of care from the hospital to the home, it is necessary to prepare a nursing discharge plan. Objective: To validate a nursing discharge plan for postoperative adult patients of major surgery in Mexico. Methodology: A mixed study was carried out, focused on obtaining the theoretical validity of a discharge plan for postoperative adult patients of major surgery through the Delphi technique or expert judgment in two phases, in the first a search for information regarding the subject in data-bases; A list of human and pathophysiological responses was drawn up, as well as the necessary care for the postoperative patient. The second phase was based on determining internal consistency and an approach to construct validity. Results: The proposal of this nursing discharge plan is specific for the postoperative adult patient of major surgery, it considers the most important care, obtaining expert approval averages higher than 4.5 on a scale of 1 to 5 and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.850. Conclusion: The proposed discharge plan is considered valid and reliable to be applied in postoperative adult patients of major surgery.

Larvoscopic study on Dictyocaulus sp. in the faeces of beef cattle in northeastern Brazil / Estudo larvoscópico de Dictyocaulus sp. em fezes de bovinos de corte do nordeste do Brasil

Abstract The lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus has an important role in cattle health and productivity worldwide, since infections can lead to substantial economic losses. Despite its importance, few studies investigating the epidemiological aspects of infection by this parasite have been conducted. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of lungworm infection in beef cattle herds reared in an area of livestock production in the northeastern region of Brazil. From September 2020 to August 2021, monthly fecal samples (n = 493) were collected from 46 beef cattle. Among all the animals assessed, lungworm larvae were detected in 8.7% (4/46). None of them presented any clinical sign suggestive of infection by lungworm parasites. Twenty larvae were retrieved, with the minimum number (n = 1) detected in October and December, and the maximum number (n = 13) in November. These presented a mean length of 363 μm (± 28.65 μm) and mean width of 19 μm (± 1.03 μm), and were morphologically similar to Dictyocaulus sp.. This study reports the occurrence of this parasite in this livestock production area. Lastly, local veterinarians need to be aware of inclusion of this parasite in the differential diagnosis of other respiratory infections in beef cattle.

Resumo O parasito pulmonar Dictyocaulus viviparus tem um papel importante na saúde e produtividade bovina em todo o mundo, uma vez que infecções podem levar a perdas econômicas. Além de sua importância, poucos estudos que investigam aspectos epidemiológicos das infecções por esse parasito têm sido realizados. Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, relatar a ocorrência de infecção por nematódeos pulmonares em rebanhos bovinos de corte, criados em uma importante área de produção pecuária, na região Nordeste do Brasil. De setembro de 2020 a agosto de 2021, foram coletadas, mensalmente, amostras fecais (n = 493) de 46 bovinos de corte. De todos os animais avaliados, larvas de nematódeos pulmonares foram detectadas em 8,7% (4/46). Os animais não apresentaram nenhum sinal clínico sugestivo de infecção por parasitos pulmonares. Vinte larvas foram recuperadas, com o número mínimo (n = 1) detectado em outubro e dezembro, e o número máximo (n = 13) em novembro. Apresentavam comprimento médio de 363 μm (± 28,65 μm), largura média de 19 μm (±1,03 μm) e eram morfologicamente semelhantes a Dictyocaulus sp.. Este estudo relata a ocorrência desse parasito nesta área. Logo, os veterinários locais devem estar atentos à inclusão desse parasito no diagnóstico diferencial de outras infecções respiratórias em bovinos de corte.

Instrumentos de evaluación de los factores que influyen en la capacitación continua del profesional de enfermería / Instruments for Evaluating the Influencing Factors on Continuous Training of Nursing Professionals

Introducción: Enfermería requiere de una construcción constante de conocimientos mediante capacitación continua, la que puede limitarse por factores organizacionales o motivacionales; los instrumentos para evaluarlos pueden excluir determinantes importantes a identificar. Objetivo: Analizar los instrumentos que evalúan los factores que influyen en la capacitación continua del profesional de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión sistemática, realizada entre septiembre 2020 y febrero 2021, de artículos publicados en inglés, español, portugués y malayu entre 2011 y 2021 en Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet, Lilacs, Elsevier y Google académico. La pregunta guía se elaboró con el acrónimo PICo. Para la búsqueda se aceptaron descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) "Enfermería", "Evaluación en enfermería", "Capacitación Profesional", en inglés (MeSH) "Nursing", "Nursing Assessment", "Professional Training", y los operadores booleanos AND, OR, se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA). Se identificaron 72 artículos e incluyeron 9. El análisis de contenido permitió la interpretación de los referentes teóricos y la organización del conocimiento de la bibliografía encontrada. Conclusiones: Cada tipo de modalidad (presencial, semipresencial, en línea y a distancia) mostró factores negativos para que el profesional se capacite; sin embargo, la mayoría de las evaluaciones se enfocan en razones organizacionales y motivacionales, que excluyeron otras que son responsabilidad del profesional, como estado de salud, habilidad en el equipo de cómputo o dominar un segundo idioma. No hay un instrumento que integre todos los factores del porque enfermería no se capacita y los que se incluyeron en los instrumentos se clasificaron en cuatro dimensiones: sociodemográficas, personales, laborales y organizacionales(AU)

Introduction: Nursing requires constant construction of knowledge through continuous updating and training. Different factors, not only organizational or motivational ones, can negatively limit said activity; the instruments to evaluate them can exclude important determinants to identify. Objective: To analyze the instruments that evaluate the influencing factors of continuous training of nursing professionals. Methods: A systematic review was carried out from September 2020 to February 2021 with an antiquity of less than 10 years from the search in digital platforms such as Redalyc, SciELO, UNAM University Nursing, InfoMed, Dialnet, Academic Google and Elsevier, through Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, and keywords. Seventy-two articles were identified, 52 useful for the review and 14 with mention of validated and non-validated instruments. The languages identified were Spanish, English, Portuguese and Malayu. Conclusions: Each type of modality (face-to-face, hybrid, online and distance) showed a negative factor for professionals to be trained; however, most evaluations focus on organizational and motivational reasons, excluding others that are the responsibility of the professional, such as health status, ability on the computer equipment or handling a second language. There is not an instrument that integrates all the factors, because nursing professionals are not trained and those factors that were included in the instruments were classified in four dimensions: sociodemographic, personal, work and organizational, as an evaluation proposal(AU)

Extensión de la afectación pulmonar por tomografía en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 / Extent of lung involvement by tomography in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la extensión de la afectación pulmonar en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 mediante tomografía. Método. Evaluación retrospectiva en pacientes con evidencia de COVID-19 del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima - Perú, al inicio de la pandemia COVID-19, entre el 15 de marzo y el 14 de mayo de 2020. La extensión de la neumonía se determinó mediante tomografía con base en la Clasificación de la Sociedad Francesa de Imagen Torácica. Resultados. Se incluyeron en el estudio 485 pacientes. La extensión de la neumonía fue: ausente 1,2%, mínima 4,9%, moderada 20,6%, extensa 27,4%, grave 30,7% y crítica 15,1%. La afectación pulmonar se asoció con edad mayor de 60 años (p=0,014) y saturación de oxígeno ambiental por debajo de 90% (n=372, p=0,000). Conclusiones. Por su extensión, las neumonías por SARS-CoV-2 en los primeros dos meses de la epidemia de COVID-19 en el Hospital Almenara fueron graves, extensas y moderadas en su gran mayoría. La extensión de la neumonía se asoció con edad y saturación de oxígeno ambiental al ingreso.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the extent of pulmonary involvement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using tomography. Method. Retrospective evaluation in patients with evidence of COVID-19 at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, Lima - Peru, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, between March 15 and May 14, 2020. The extent of pneumonia was determined by means of tomography based on the Classification of the French Society of Thoracic Imaging. Results. 485 patients were included in the study. The extent of pneumonia was: 1.2% absent, 4.9% minimal, 20.6% moderate, 27.4% extensive, 30.7% severe, and 15.1% critical. Lung involvement was associated with age older than 60 years (p = 0.014) and ambient oxygen saturation below 90% (n = 372, p = 0.000). Conclusions. Due to its extension, the SARS- CoV-2 pneumonia in the first two months of the COVID-19 epidemic at Hospital Almenara were severe, extensive and mostly moderate. The extent of pneumonia was associated with age and ambient oxygen saturation at admission.

Pine nanocellulose and bacterial nanocellulose dressings are similar in the treatment of second-degree burn? experimental study in rats / Os curativos de nanocelulose de pinus e nanocelulose bacteriana são semelhantes no tratamento da queimadura de segundo grau? estudo experimental em ratos

ABSTRACT Background: Despite all the advances in medicine and the wide variety of dressings available, the treatment of burn wounds still represents an important medical challenge. The pinus cellulose membrane dressing is a biomaterial with characteristics similar to those of bacterial cellulose, but with lower cost. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of pinus nanocellulose membrane on healing of deep second degree burns in rats and compare with Membracel®. Method: Thirty male Wistar rats were submitted to deep second degree burn in dorse, with boiling water at 97o C for 20 s, generating a 314 mm² area wound. The animals were distributed in three dressing groups (n=10): group 1 - simple gauze; group 2 - bacterial cellulose membrane (Membracel®); and group 3 - pinus cellulose membrane. They were evaluated for 20 days to verify clinical condition, macro and microscopic appearance and wound contraction. Results: All of them remained clinically well with no differences in weight. Crusts were observed in group 1, and none in groups 2 and 3. Regarding to scar contraction, groups 2 and 3 were similar, better than group 1. Microscopic analysis showed predominance of advanced healing degree in groups 1 and 3, and initial in group 2. Mature collagen was predominant in all groups. Conclusion: The pinus nanocellulose membrane is effective in the treatment of experimental second degree burn in rats and its effectiveness is similar to that of the bacterial nanocellular membrane.

RESUMO Racional: Apesar de todos os avanços da medicina e da grande variedade de curativos disponíveis, o tratamento das queimaduras ainda representa importante desafio médico. O curativo de membrana de celulose de pinus é biomaterial com características semelhantes à de celulose bacteriana, mas de menor custo. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da membrana de nanocelulose de pinus na cicatrização de queimaduras profundas de segundo grau em ratos e comparar com a Membracel®. Método: Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à queimadura profunda de segundo grau em dorso, com água fervente a 97o C por 20 s, gerando lesão de 314 mm². Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos de curativos (n = 10): grupo 1 - gaze simples; grupo 2 - membrana de celulose bacteriana (Membracel®); e grupo 3 - membrana de celulose de pinus. Eles foram avaliados por 20 dias para verificar o quadro clínico, aspecto macro e microscópico e a contração da ferida. Resultados: Todos permaneceram clinicamente bem, sem diferenças de peso. Crostas foram observadas no grupo 1 e nenhuma nos grupos 2 e 3. Em relação à contração da cicatriz, os grupos 2 e 3 foram semelhantes, melhores que o grupo 1. A análise microscópica mostrou predomínio de grau de cicatrização avançado nos grupos 1 e 3, e inicial no grupo 2. O colágeno maduro foi predominante em todos os grupos. Conclusão: A membrana de nanocelulose de pinus é eficaz no tratamento de queimaduras experimentais de segundo grau em ratos e sua eficácia é semelhante à da membrana nanocelular bacteriana.

Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolated from dogs in Midwest Brazil / Detecção molecular de Cercopithifilaria bainae e outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolados de cães no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract The aim of the present study was to detect Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens and to perform molecular characterization of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs. Ticks (n = 432, including 8 larvae, 59 nymphs, and 365 adults) were sampled from domiciled dogs (n = 73) living in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest Brazil). All ticks were morphologically identified as R. sanguineus. Genomic DNA was extracted in pools (three to five ticks per animal) and was used for definition of R. sanguineus haplotypes (based on 16S rRNA analysis) and pathogen identification (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli and Rickettsia spp.). Rhipicephal us sanguineus specimens were identified as haplotypes A and B. DNA of Cercopithifilaria bainae (43.83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24.65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19.17%; 14/73), and Hepatozoon canis (5.47%; 4/73) was detected. The identity of pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The present study confirms the presence of haplotypes A and B of R. sanguineus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its importance as a vector of several pathogens of veterinary concern. Finally, this is the first report to identify C. bainae in ticks in the Midwestern region of Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar Cercopithifilaria bainae e outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos e realizar a caracterização molecular do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. coletado em cães. Carrapatos (n = 432, incluindo 8 larvas, 59 ninfas e 365 adultos) foram amostrados de cães domiciliados (n = 73) residentes no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (centro-oeste do Brasil). Todos os carrapatos foram identificados morfologicamente como R. sanguineus. O DNA genômico foi extraído em pools (três a cinco carrapatos por animal), seguido pela definição de haplótipos (com base no gene 16S rRNA) e pela investigação de patógenos (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli e Rickettsia spp.). Os espécimes coletados foram identificados como haplótipos A e B de R. sanguineus. Foram detectados DNA de Cercopithifilaria bainae (43,83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24,65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19,17%; 14/73) e Hepatozoon canis (5,47%; 4/73). A identidade dos patógenos foi confirmada por análise de sequência de DNA. O presente estudo confirma a circulação dos haplótipos A e B de R. sanguineus no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e sua importância como vetor de vários patógenos de interesse veterinário. Finalmente, este é o primeiro relato de C. bainae em carrapatos na região centro-oeste do Brasil.

Larvicidal activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. and Lippia origanoides Cham. Against Aedes aegypti (LINNAEUS, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae)

The control of Aedes aegypti has been considered one of the most important public health challenges worldwide. Chemical compounds have long been used for this purpose, but resistance to these molecules has also increased. Therefore, over the last few years several studies have focused on the development of alternative tools, particularly those based on plant metabolites. The purpose of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of Caesalpinia ferrea and Lippia origanoides against Ae. aegypti. Larvae (L3) of Ae. aegypti Liverpool and Rockefeller strains, as well as of the Recife population were exposed to different concentrations of C. ferrea (ranging from 13.1 to 105 mg/mL) and L. origanoides (ranging from 16.3 to 130 mg/mL), and the mortality rate was evaluated up to 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment. All tested groups and ontrol group were quadruplicated. For C. ferrea, mortality ranged from 42.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain, from 67% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and 57% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Recife population after 48 hours of larval exposure. For L. origanoides, the larvicidal activity ranged from 75% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain, from 61.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and from 60.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Recife population. The hydro ethanol extract of C. ferrea and L. origanoides presented larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti.

Sandflies in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil / Flebotomíneos em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Visceral no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Phlebotomines of the genus Lutzomyia are important vector for species of Leishmania, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of sandflies in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Sampling was performed in four localities on the coast of the municipality of Goiana, state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Specimens were collected monthly on three consecutive nights, from November 2017 to October 2018. CDC light traps were installed at a height of 1.5 m above the ground, in two ecotypes (i.e. tree and animal facility), both in peridomestic areas. A total of 5,205 sandflies were collected, among which the species Lutzomyia longipalpis (99.85%; 5,197/5,205) was the most common, followed by Lutzomyia evandroi (0.13%; 07/5,205) and Lutzomyia whitmani (0.02%; 01/5,205). Specimens of L. longipalpis were collected throughout the study period and most of them were found near to the animal facilities. The findings from this research indicate that vectors for Leishmania infantum are present in the study area throughout the year, along with occurrences of vectors relating to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Preventive vector control measures need to be implemented in Goiana to reduce the risk of infection for the human and animal populations.

Resumo Flebotomíneos do gênero Lutzomyia são importantes vetores de espécies de Leishmania, agente etiológico das leishmanioses. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de flebotomíneos em área endêmica para Leishmaniose Visceral (LV). As coletas foram realizadas em quatro localidades do litoral do município de Goiana, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Os espécimes foram coletados mensalmente em três noites consecutivas de novembro de 2017 a outubro de 2018. Foram instaladas armadilhas luminosas modelo CDC a uma altura de 1,5 m acima do solo em dois ecótopos (ex. árvore e instalações de animais), ambos em áreas peridomiciliares. Um total de 5.205 flebotomíneos foi coletado, sendo Lutzomyia longipalpis (99,85%; 5.197/5.205) a mais comum, seguida por Lutzomyia evandroi (0,13%; 07/5.205) e Lutzomyia whitmani (0,02%; 01/5.205). L. longipalpis foi coletada durante todo o período do estudo. A maioria dos espécimes foi detectada perto das instalações dos animais. Os achados deste estudo indicam a presença de vetores de Leishmania infantum na área avaliada ao longo do ano, bem como a ocorrência de vetores relacionados à Leishmaniose Cutânea (LC). Medidas preventivas de controle vetorial devem ser implementadas em Goiana para reduzir o risco de infecção à população humana e animal.

Spatial distribution of triatomine bugs in a Chagas disease endemic region in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a zoonotic infection transmitted by triatomine bug vectors to human beings. Although the story of this parasitic infection was born in Brazil and here this has made major step forward information, the same cannot be said about the actual distribution of the triatomine vector in several areas of this country. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of triatomine species in an endemic region for CD in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using data obtained from 2008 to 2017. All information was provided by the V Gerência Regional de Saúde of the state of Pernambuco. The spatial distribution of triatomine species was analyzed by drawing a map using the Quantum geographic information system. RESULTS: A total of 4,694 triatomine specimens (469.4 ± 221.2 per year) were collected during the period 2008-2017, with 94.5% (4,434/4,694) at the intradomicile and 5.5% (260/4,694) at peridomicile environment. Of all arthropods collected, 92.5% (4,340/4,694) and 7.5% (354/4,694) were adults and nymphs, respectively. The species most frequently detected were Panstrongylus lutzi (30.36%), Triatoma brasiliensis (26.12%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (22.43%), and Panstrongylus megistus (20.54%). CONCLUSIONS: These data contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of T. cruzi infection in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Preventive measures based on vector control should be implemented in the study area in order to reduce the burden this neglected tropical disease.

Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Areas at risk of transmission of arboviruses have been monitored using ovitraps. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses and assess the influence of climatic conditions on the infestation of these culicids. METHODS: Ovitraps were installed in Agrestina, Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. RESULTS: Overall, 44,936 eggs were collected, and the indexes of infestation varied. Relative humidity was significantly associated with the infestations. CONCLUSIONS: Using ovitraps, entomologic indexes and analysis of climatic factors might be good strategies for monitoring vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses.

Seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in dogs from an urban area of North-eastern Brazil: a spatial approach

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. METHODS: Blood samples (n = 241) were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies. The spatial distribution was evaluated using kernel density estimation (KDE). RESULTS Anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 24.06% (58/241) and 9.54% (23/241) of samples, respectively. A heterogeneous spatial distribution of positive dogs was observed across the city. CONCLUSIONS These data are pivotal for better understanding the dynamics of infection caused by these protozoa in the canine population.

Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Brazil: how has the situation changed after 10 years?

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Herein, we assessed the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Leishmania infantum in dogs in Garanhuns, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Sera samples (n = 242) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The spatial distribution of dogs seropositive for anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies was evaluated using kernel density estimation. RESULTS: A total of 2.4% (6/242) of the animals were seropositive for anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. The kernel map showed their distribution to be heterogeneous over the city, with a hotspot in the northeastern region. CONCLUSIONS: The reported data illustrate the circulation of parasites of the genus Leishmania in a canine population.

Fibrossarcoma de partes moles de alto grau: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / High-Grade Soft Tissue Fibrosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review

O sarcoma de partes moles constitui uma família de raros tumores malignos. São predominantemente de origem mesenquimatosa, podendo ocorrer em qualquer localização anatômica. São conhecidos mais de 70 subtipos histológicos com alta variedade biológica e susceptibilidade a terapias. O subtipo mais comum é o fibrossarcoma. Neste relato é descrito o caso de um paciente idoso com aparecimento de tumoração em dorso. Após ressecção da lesão, verificou-se fibrossarcoma de partes moles de alto grau

Soft tissue sarcoma is a family of rare malignant tumors. They present mesenchymal origin in most of cases, and can occur in any anatomical location.More than 70 histological subtypes with high biological variety and susceptibility to therapies are known.The most common subtype is the fibrosarcoma. In this case report is described a case of an elderly patient with a tumor on his back. After resection of the lesion, it was verified a high grade fibrosarcoma of soft tissue

Reliability of different methods of diagnosing intestinal parasites in horses

Parasitism by intestinal nematodes may cause serious injuries to equines affecting their performance, given that the parasites compete for food and cause irritation, internal bleeding and anaemia. The diagnostic methods currently available are not efficient in detecting all the species of parasites simultaneously, hampering reliable diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate four diagnostic methods for detecting equine intestinal parasites in the southern hinterland of Pernambuco, Brazil. Fecal samples (n = 87) were collected and examined through flotation based methods (Willis-Mollay, modified centrifugal flotation and EPG/OPG) and sedimentation (Hoffman). Of the total number of samples examined, 77.0% (67/87) were positive by modified centrifugal flotation; 44.8% (39/87) were positive by the Willis-Mollay method; 34.5% (30/87) by the Hoffman method and 28.7% (25/87) by the EPG/ OPG method. The Kappa index indicated moderate concordance between the Willis-Mollay and modified centrifugal flotation techniques (K= 0.477); Willis-Mollay and EPG/OPG (K= 0.466); EPG/OPG and Hoffman (K= 0.425). In conclusion, modified centrifugal flotation presented high sensitivity for detection of parasites of the Strongylida order and Parascaris spp. It may, therefore, be used in association with the Willis-Mollay technique as a safe and accurate method of diagnosis.

Detection and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil / Detecção e caracterização molecular de Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax em gado leiteiro no estado de Sergipe, no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is an important cause of economic losses among feedlot cattle. These losses are related to the morbidity, mortality, reproductive issues and decreased production. It is known that the clinical signs observed in infections by this protozoon are similar to other hemoparasitosis, which difficult the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by T. (D.) vivax in dairy cattle in the municipality of São Miguel Aleixo, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples from cattle (n = 15) presenting clinical signs compatible with trypanosomiasis were collected and parasitological and molecular evaluated. Among the samples analyzed, 34% (5/15) were positive from blood smears, 60% (9/15) from the buffy coat method and 80% (12/15) from the molecular method. The DNA sequence obtained (659 bp) showed 99% similarity to T. (D.) vivax sequences that are available in the GenBank database. The presence of this protozoon in cattle herds is a problem for producers. Diagnosing trypanosomiasis is problematic because its evolution is similar to that of other parasitic blood diseases. In addition, this is the first report of infection by T. (D.) vivax in cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.

Resumo Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax é responsável por consideráveis perdas econômicas na bovinocultura. Estas perdas estão relacionados à morbidade, mortalidade, problemas reprodutivos e declínio na produção. Sabe-se que os sinais clínicos apresentados em infecções por este protozoário se assemelha a outras hemoparasitoses, dificultando muitas vezes o diagnóstico. Portanto, objetivou-se com este estudo detectar a ocorrência de T. (D.) vivax em bovinos leiteiros no município de São Miguel Aleixo, Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Para tanto, amostras de sangue (n = 15) foram coletadas e avaliadas através de métodos parasitológicos e moleculares. Do total das amostras analisadas, 34% (5/15) foram positivas no esfregaço sanguíneo, 60% (9/15) pelo método do Buffy Coat, enquanto na biologia molecular 80% (12/15) amplificaram um fragmento de DNA (659 pb) compatível com T. (D.) vivax (GenBank). Em conclusão a presença de T. (D.) vivax nos rebanhos bovinos caracteriza-se como um problema para os pecuaristas, como também para o diagnóstico, uma vez que essa tripanossomíase apresenta evolução semelhante a outras hemoparasitoses. Ademais, este é o primeiro relato de infecção por T. (D.) vivax em bovinos do estado de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil.

Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil / Parasitos gastrointestinais em gatos ferais e roedores do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.

Resumo Parasitas gastrointestinais são importantes agentes patogênicos que afetam os animais, sendo alguns destes de interesse médico e veterinário. Embora a dinâmica das infecções parasitárias seja um fenômeno complexo que tem sido estudado sob condições experimentais, existem várias lacunas no conhecimento, especificamente em regiões insulares onde existem populações confinadas de animais e parasitas. Neste estudo foi avaliado o parasitismo por endoparasitas gastrointestinais em gatos ferais (n = 37) e roedores (n = 30) do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. Além disso, discutiu-se o risco de infecção humana e implicações ecológicas desses achados. De todas as amostras analisadas, 100% obtiveram resultados positivos para a presença de parasitos gastrointestinais tanto em gatos ferais quanto em roedores. Um total de 17 gêneros e/ou espécies de endoparasitos gastrointestinais foram identificados, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula e Toxocara cati foram os parasitos mais frequentes em gatos ferais. Em roedores Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. e Trichuris muris foram os mais detectados. A população humana que vive nesta área corre o risco de infecções parasitárias, devido à população de roedores e gatos ferais no arquipélago.

Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil / Flebotomíneos em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no litoral do Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.

Resumo Os flebotomíneos apresentam uma ampla distribuição mundial com muitas espécies presentes no Brasil, inclusive na região Nordeste, onde a fauna é bastante rica. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a fauna de flebotomíneos em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), no estado de Pernambuco. As capturas foram realizadas mensalmente, durante três noites consecutivas das 17h às 5h, utilizando sete armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC, no período de outubro de 2015 a setembro de 2016. As fêmeas identificadas foram utilizadas para análise molecular para detecção de Leishmania. Um total de 2.174 espécimes pertencentes a dez espécies foram coletadas: Lutzomyia choti (88,2%; 1.917/2.174) a espécie mais abundante, seguida por Lutzomyia whitmani (8,1%; 176/2.174) e Lutzomyia sordellii (1,5%; 33/2.174). A maioria dos espécimes foi coletada no peridomicílio (64,1%; 1.394/2.174) e no período chuvoso. Todas as amostras avaliadas foram negativas para Leishmania spp. A presença de Lutzomyia whitmani no intradomicílio e peridomicílio indica que a população residente nesta área está exposta ao risco de infecção por parasitos causadores de LTA.